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Acquisition vs.
Learning Hypothesis
 | In order for students to acquire a second language, teachers must focus on
communication rather than on the rote memorization of rules (form). |
| Students must be immersed in meaningful and comprehensible contexts. |
| It is not "knowing about" the language that helps develop communicative
competency, it is using the language in meaningful interactions.
Therefore, teachers must provide for those meaningful interactions to occur in
the classroom. |
The Natural Order
Hypothesis
-Models first language
acquisition
-Natural progression
| Preproduction, comprehension, or silent stage or period (No Words) |
| Early production: one to two word sentences |
| Speech emergence: three to four word sentences |
| Intermediate fluency- errors are developmental and students will outgrow
them as they are exposed to what is appropriate or correct |
The Monitor Hypothesis
| When the learners know the rules of the language, they can employ them to
correct what they are thinking about saying
(self correct) or to correct
what they have said (self repair). |
| In order for this to work, the learners: |
-need to
have time to this about what they are about to say or have said
-need to
focus on "form"
-must have
knowledge and be able to apply the rules
| Second language learners who are literate in their first language and
adult second language learners are more likely to use their monitors |
The Input Hypothesis
| Input needs to be comprehensible, but it also needs to be slightly beyond
the students' current level of competency |
| C + 1 comprehensible input plus 1 slightly beyond students current level
of proficiency |
| Teacher must present materials in way that are not tied to language (use
more visuals, objects, real manipulatives, gesturing, modeling, repeat,
rephrase, slower speech) |
| Give positive feedback to the students to encourage their risk taking |
Affective Filter
Hypothesis
| Most important affective variable favoring second language acquisition are
a low anxiety learning environment, students motivation to learn the language,
self confidence, and self-esteem |
| Able to acquire language if in an environment where they feel accepted,
where they are free to take risks and know if they make mistakes, they will
not be "ridiculed" |
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